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# PostgreSQL HAVING

**Summary**: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the **PostgreSQL HAVING** clause to specify a search condition for a group or an aggregate.

## Introduction to PostgreSQL HAVING clause

The `HAVING` clause specifies a search condition for a group. The `HAVING` clause is often used with the [`GROUP BY`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-group-by) clause to filter groups based on a specified condition.

The following statement illustrates the basic syntax of the `HAVING` clause:

```sql
SELECT
  column1,
  aggregate_function (column2)
FROM
  table_name
GROUP BY
  column1
HAVING
  condition;
```

In this syntax:

- First, the `GROUP BY` clause groups rows into groups by the values in the `column1`.
- Then, the `HAVING` clause filters the groups based on the `condition`.

If a group satisfies the specified condition, the `HAVING` clause will include it in the result set.

Besides the `GROUP BY` clause, you can also include other clauses such as [`JOIN`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-joins) and [`LIMIT`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-limit) in the statement that uses the `HAVING` clause.

PostgreSQL evaluates the `HAVING` clause after the `FROM`, [`WHERE`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-where), [`GROUP BY`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-group-by), and before the [`DISTINCT`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-select-distinct), [`SELECT`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-select), [`ORDER BY`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-order-by) and [`LIMIT`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-limit) clauses:

![](https://neon.com/postgresqltutorial/postgresql-having.svg)
Because PostgreSQL evaluates the `HAVING` clause before the `SELECT` clause, you cannot use the column aliases in the `HAVING` clause.

This restriction arises from the fact that, at the point of `HAVING` clause evaluation, the column aliases specified in the `SELECT` clause are not yet available.

### HAVING vs. WHERE

The [`WHERE`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-where) clause filters the rows based on a specified condition whereas the `HAVING` clause filter groups of rows according to a specified condition.

In other words, you apply the condition in the `WHERE` clause to the rows while you apply the condition in the `HAVING` clause to the groups of rows.

## PostgreSQL HAVING clause examples

Let's take a look at the `payment` table in the [sample database](../postgresql-getting-started/postgresql-sample-database "PostgreSQL Sample Database"):

![payment](https://neon.com/postgresqltutorial/payment.png)

### 1) Using PostgreSQL HAVING clause with SUM function example

The following query uses the [`GROUP BY`](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-group-by) clause with the [`SUM()`](../postgresql-aggregate-functions/postgresql-sum-function) function to find the total payment of each customer:

```sql
SELECT
  customer_id,
  SUM (amount) amount
FROM
  payment
GROUP BY
  customer_id
ORDER BY
  amount DESC;
```

Output:

```text
 customer_id | amount
-------------+--------
         148 | 211.55
         526 | 208.58
         178 | 194.61
         137 | 191.62
...
```

The following statement adds the `HAVING`clause to select the only customers who have been spending more than `200`:

```sql
SELECT
  customer_id,
  SUM (amount) amount
FROM
  payment
GROUP BY
  customer_id
HAVING
  SUM (amount) > 200
ORDER BY
  amount DESC;
```

Output:

```text
 customer_id | amount
-------------+--------
         148 | 211.55
         526 | 208.58
(2 rows)
```

### 2) PostgreSQL HAVING clause with COUNT example

See the following `customer` table from the [sample database](../postgresql-getting-started/postgresql-sample-database):

![customer table](https://neon.com/postgresqltutorial/customer-table.png)
The following query uses the `GROUP BY` clause to find the number of customers per store:

```sql
SELECT
  store_id,
  COUNT (customer_id)
FROM
  customer
GROUP BY
  store_id;
```

Output:

```text
 store_id | count
----------+-------
        1 |   326
        2 |   273
(2 rows)
```

The following statement adds the `HAVING` clause to select a store that has more than 300 customers:

```sql
SELECT
  store_id,
  COUNT (customer_id)
FROM
  customer
GROUP BY
  store_id
HAVING
  COUNT (customer_id) > 300;
```

Output:

```
 store_id | count
----------+-------
        1 |   326
(1 row)
```

## Summary

- Use the `HAVING` clause to specify the filter condition for groups returned by the `GROUP BY` clause.

---

## Related docs (Group Data)

- [GROUP BY](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-group-by)
- [GROUPING SETS](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-grouping-sets)
- [CUBE](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-cube)
- [ROLLUP](https://neon.com/postgresql/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-rollup)